Monday, July 31, 2017

[Daily article] August 1: Peter Evans (swimmer)

Peter Maxwell Evans (born 1 August 1961) is a former breaststroke
swimmer for Australia who won four Olympic medals in the 1980s. After
training in the UK under David Haller, he returned to Australia in 1980.
He rebuffed Australian government pressure to boycott the 1980 Moscow
Olympics in response to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, and won gold
in the 4×100 m medley relay as one of the Quietly Confident Quartet.
He also won bronze in the 100 m breaststroke. After competing for the
University of Arizona in the US, he returned to Australia for the 1982
Commonwealth Games in Brisbane, winning silver in the 100 m
breaststroke and gold in the medley relay. He competed in his second
Olympics in Los Angeles in 1984, winning bronze in the 100 m
breaststroke and the medley relay. Evans retired from swimming after
missing selection for the 1986 Commonwealth Games, and unsuccessfully
attempted to follow his father Max into politics before pursuing a
career in business.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Evans_(swimmer)>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

527:

Upon the death of Justin I, Justinian the Great became the sole
ruler of the Byzantine Empire.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justinian_I>

1842:

A parade in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S., celebrating the
end of slavery in the West Indies was attacked by a mob, leading to
three days of riots.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombard_Street_riot>

1907:

Robert Baden-Powell held the first scout camp at Brownsea
Island in Dorset, England, beginning the Scouting movement.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brownsea_Island_Scout_camp>

1984:

Commercial peat-cutters discovered the preserved bog body of a
man, called Lindow Man, at Lindow Moss, Cheshire, North West England.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindow_Man>

2007:

Bridge 9340, carrying Interstate 35W across the Mississippi
River in Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S., suffered a catastrophic failure
and collapsed, killing 13 people and injuring 145.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-35W_Mississippi_River_bridge>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

unbeseem:
(obsolete, transitive) To be unseemly or unsuitable for.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/unbeseem>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  A smile is the chosen vehicle of all ambiguities.  
--Herman Melville
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Herman_Melville>

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Sunday, July 30, 2017

[Daily article] July 31: Gubby Allen

Gubby Allen (1902–1989) was a cricketer who captained England in
eleven Test matches. Born in Sydney, Australia, on 31 July 1902, his
family moved to London when he was six. In first-class matches, he
played for Middlesex and Cambridge University. A fast bowler and hard-
hitting lower-order batsman for England, Allen was appointed captain in
1936 and led the team during the unsuccessful 1936–37 tour of
Australia. He captained England in a Test series in the West Indies in
1947–48. He later became an influential cricket administrator who held
key positions in the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC), which effectively
ruled English cricket at the time. He was instrumental in the creation
of an MCC coaching manual, and worked hard to eliminate illegal bowling
actions. As chairman of selectors from 1955 to 1961, he presided over a
period of great success for English cricket, during which he worked
closely with the Test captain Peter May. In 1963, he became MCC's
president, and was made the club's treasurer the following year. In this
role, he was deeply involved in the D'Oliveira affair, a controversy
over the potential selection of Basil D'Oliveira to tour South Africa.
He was knighted in 1986.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gubby_Allen>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1201:

John Komnenos the Fat briefly seized the throne of the
Byzantine Empire from Alexios III Angelos, but he was soon caught and
executed.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Komnenos_the_Fat>

1423:

Hundred Years' War: The English and their Burgundian allies
were victorious over the French at the Battle of Cravant near Auxerre,
France.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cravant>

1917:

First World War: The Battle of Passchendaele began near Ypres
in West Flanders, Belgium, with the Allied Powers aiming to force German
troops to withdraw from the Channel Ports.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Passchendaele>

1972:

The Troubles: Free Derry (Free Derry Corner pictured), an
autonomous self-declared area of Derry, Northern Ireland, was brought to
an end by the British Army's Operation Motorman.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Motorman>

2002:

Hamas detonated a bomb at the Mount Scopus campus of the Hebrew
University of Jerusalem, killing nine students and injuring about 100
more.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_University_bombing>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

ha-ha:
1. A laugh.
2. Something funny; a joke. […]
3. A ditch with one vertical side, acting as a sunken fence, designed to
block the entry of animals into lawns and parks without breaking
sightlines.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ha-ha>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  NEVER let your guard down! You expect a battle to be fair! — A
battle will never be fair!  
--Wonder Woman
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Wonder_Woman_(2017_film)>

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Saturday, July 29, 2017

[Daily article] July 30: Giganotosaurus

Giganotosaurus ("giant southern lizard") is a genus of theropod dinosaur
that lived in what is now Argentina, around 99.6 to 97 million years
ago. It was one of the largest known terrestrial carnivores, but the
exact size has been hard to determine from the incomplete remains found
so far. The holotype specimen, discovered in Patagonia in 1993, is
almost 70% complete, and indicates a length of 12 to 13 m (39 to
43 ft), a skull 1.53 to 1.80 m (5.0 to 5.9 ft) in length, and a
weight of 4.2 to 13.8 t (4.6 to 15.2 short tons). A length of 13.2 m
(43 ft) has been extrapolated from another individual's dentary bone.
Some researchers believe the animal to be larger than Tyrannosaurus,
generally considered the largest theropod. The skull was low, with a
ridge-like crest in front of the eye. The teeth were serrated, and the
front of the lower jaw was flattened. Giganotosaurus is thought to have
had a homeothermic metabolism, between that of a mammal and a reptile,
which would have enabled rapid growth but not fast movement. It was
probably the apex predator of its ecosystem, feeding on juvenile
sauropod dinosaurs.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giganotosaurus>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1676:

Virginia colonist Nathaniel Bacon and his makeshift army issued
a Declaration of the People of Virginia, instigating a rebellion against
the rule of Governor William Berkeley.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathaniel_Bacon_(Virginia_colonist_and_rebel)>

1811:

Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, an early leader of the Mexican War
of Independence, was executed by Spanish authorities.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel_Hidalgo_y_Costilla>

1930:

Uruguay defeated Argentina 4–2 at Estadio Centenario in
Montevideo to win the first Football World Cup.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1930_FIFA_World_Cup>

1950:

Four striking workers were shot dead by the Gendarmerie' in
Belgium at the height of the political crisis known as the Royal
Question.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Question>

2012:

The largest power outage in history occurred across 22 Indian
states, affecting over 620 million people, or about 9% of the world's
population.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_India_blackouts>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

swank:
1. A fashionably elegant person.
2. Ostentation; bravado.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/swank>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  We let the weirdness in.  
--Kate Bush
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Kate_Bush>

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Friday, July 28, 2017

[Daily article] July 29: Isidor Isaac Rabi

Isidor Isaac Rabi (1898–1988) was an American physicist and Nobel
laureate. Born on 29 July 1898 into a traditional Jewish family in what
was then part of Austria-Hungary, Rabi came to the United States as a
baby and was raised in New York's Lower East Side. In collaboration with
Gregory Breit, he developed the Breit-Rabi equation, and predicted that
the Stern–Gerlach experiment could be modified to confirm the
properties of the atomic nucleus. During World War II he worked on radar
at the MIT Radiation Laboratory, and on the Manhattan Project. He was
awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1944 for his discovery of nuclear
magnetic resonance, used in spectroscopy and imaging. He was also one of
the first scientists in the US to work on the cavity magnetron, a key
component in microwave radar and microwave ovens. After the war, he
served on the General Advisory Committee of the Atomic Energy
Commission, and was its chairman from 1952 to 1956. He was Science
Advisor to President Dwight D. Eisenhower, and was involved in the
creation of the Brookhaven National Laboratory (1947) and CERN (1954).

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1148:

The Siege of Damascus ended in a decisive crusader defeat,
leading to the disintegration of the Second Crusade.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Damascus_(1148)>

1836:

The Arc de Triomphe in Paris, commemorating those who fought
and died for France in the French Revolutionary and the Napoleonic Wars,
was formally inaugurated.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc_de_Triomphe>

1914:

Connecting Cape Cod Bay and Buzzards Bay in the U.S. state of
Massachusetts, the Cape Cod Canal opened on a limited basis.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Cod_Canal>

1987:

Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi and Sri Lankan President J.
R. Jayewardene signed the Indo-Sri Lanka Accord in an ultimately
unsuccessful attempt to resolve the ongoing Sri Lankan Civil War.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Sri_Lanka_Accord>

2010:

An overloaded passenger ferry capsized on the Kasai River in
Bandundu Province of the Democratic Republic of Congo, resulting in at
least 80 deaths.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasai_River_disaster>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

tertiary:
1. Of third rank or order; subsequent.
2. (chemistry) Possessing some quality in the third degree; especially
having been subjected to the substitution of three atoms or radicals.
3. (ornithology) Of quills: growing on the innermost joint of a bird's
wing; tertial.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tertiary>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  I have many names, and none of them matter. … Names are not
important ... To speak is to name names, but to speak is not important.
A thing happens once that has never happened before. Seeing it, a man
looks upon reality. He cannot tell others what he has seen. Others wish
to know, however, so they question him saying, "What is it like, this
thing you have seen?" So he tries to tell them. Perhaps he has seen the
very first fire in the world. He tells them, "It is red, like a poppy,
but through it dance other colors. It has no form, like water, flowing
everywhere. It is warm, like the sun of summer, only warmer. It exists
for a time upon a piece of wood, and then the wood is gone, as though it
were eaten, leaving behind that which is black and can be sifted like
sand. When the wood is gone, it too is gone." Therefore, the hearers
must think reality is like a poppy, like water, like the sun, like that
which eats and excretes. They think it is like to anything that they are
told it is like by the man who has known it. But they have not looked
upon fire. They cannot really know it. They can only know of it. But
fire comes again into the world, many times.  
--Lord of Light
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Lord_of_Light>

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Thursday, July 27, 2017

[Daily article] July 28: Yugoslav monitor Sava

The ship that became the Yugoslav monitor Sava began as SMS Bodrog, a
river monitor built for the Austro-Hungarian Navy. She and two other
monitors fired the first shots of World War I on the night of 28 July
1914, when they shelled Serbian defences near Belgrade. She fought the
Serbian and Romanian armies during the war, and was captured in its
closing stages. She was transferred to the newly created Kingdom of
Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later Yugoslavia), and renamed Sava. During
the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941, she fought off several
air attacks, but was scuttled on 11 April. Sava was later raised by the
Independent State of Croatia, an Axis puppet state, and continued to
serve under that name until 1944 when she was again scuttled. Following
World War II, Sava was raised again, and was refurbished to serve in the
Yugoslav Navy from 1952 to 1962. After that she became a commercial
gravel barge. In 2005, the government of Serbia granted her limited
heritage protection after citizens demanded that she be preserved as a
floating museum.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yugoslav_monitor_Sava>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1794:

French Revolution: Maximilien Robespierre and Louis Antoine de
Saint-Just, architects of the Reign of Terror, were executed after
having been arrested the previous day.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Antoine_de_Saint-Just>

1821:

Peruvian War of Independence: Argentine general José de San
Martín declared the independence of Peru from Spain.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_San_Mart%C3%ADn>

1939:

During an excavation of a ship burial at Sutton Hoo in Suffolk,
England, archæologists discovered a helmet likely belonging to King
Rædwald of East Anglia.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutton_Hoo_helmet>

1995:

Two followers of Rajneesh were convicted for the attempted
assassination of the United States Attorney for the District of Oregon.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1985_Rajneeshee_assassination_plot>

2010:

In the deadliest air accident in Pakistan's history, Airblue
Flight 202 crashed into the Margalla Hills north of Islamabad, killing
all 152 aboard.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airblue_Flight_202>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

in silico:
(computing, sciences) In computer simulation or in virtual reality.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/in_silico>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  O the mind, mind has mountains; cliffs of fall Frightful, sheer,
no-man-fathomed. Hold them cheap May who ne'er hung there. Nor does
long our small Durance deal with that steep or deep. Here! creep,
Wretch, under a comfort serves in a whirlwind: all Life death does end
and each day dies with sleep.  
--Gerard Manley Hopkins
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Gerard_Manley_Hopkins>

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Wednesday, July 26, 2017

[Daily article] July 27: Roosevelt dime

The Roosevelt dime is the current ten-cent piece of the United States,
displaying President Franklin D. Roosevelt on the obverse. Authorized
soon after his death in 1945, it has been produced by the Mint
continuously since 1946 in large numbers. Roosevelt had been stricken
with polio, and was one of the moving forces of the March of Dimes. The
ten-cent coin could legally be changed by the Mint without the need for
congressional action, and officials moved quickly to replace the Mercury
dime. Chief Engraver John R. Sinnock prepared models, but faced repeated
criticism from the Commission of Fine Arts. He modified his design in
response, and the coin went into circulation in January 1946. The Mint
transitioned from striking the coin in silver to base metal in 1965, and
the design remains essentially unaltered from when Sinnock created it.
Without rare dates or silver content, the dime is less widely sought by
coin collectors than other modern American coins.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roosevelt_dime>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1054:

Siward, Earl of Northumbria, led an invasion of Scotland and
defeated Macbeth, King of Scotland, in a battle north of the Firth of
Forth.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siward,_Earl_of_Northumbria>

1778:

Anglo-French War: French and British fleets fought to a
standoff west of Ushant, which led to political disputes in both
countries.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Ushant_(1778)>

1942:

Second World War: Allied forces halted the Axis invasion of
Egypt (Erwin Rommel pictured with aides).
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Battle_of_El_Alamein>

1990:

Members of Jamaat al Muslimeen attempted to overthrow the
government of Trinidad and Tobago by taking hostages at the Red House
including Prime Minister A. N. R. Robinson, before surrendering six days
later.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaat_al_Muslimeen_coup_attempt>

2007:

While covering a police pursuit in Phoenix, Arizona, U.S., two
news helicopters collided in mid-air, killing both crews.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Phoenix_news_helicopter_collision>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

meo more:
(rare or obsolete) As is my wont (custom, habit).
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/meo_more>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  There was silence deep as death, And the boldest held his breath,
For a time.  
--Thomas Campbell
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Thomas_Campbell>

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Tuesday, July 25, 2017

[Daily article] July 26: Calvatia sculpta

Calvatia sculpta, commonly known as the sculpted puffball, is a species
of puffball fungus in the family Agaricaceae. Up to 8 to 15 cm (3.1 to
5.9 in) tall by 8 to 10 cm (3.1 to 3.9 in) wide, the pear- or egg-
shaped puffball is readily recognizable from the large pyramidal or
polygonal warts covering its surface. It is edible when young, before
the spores inside the fruit body disintegrate into a brownish powder.
Originally described from the Sierra Nevada, C. sculpta is found in
mountainous areas in western North America, and was found in a Brazilian
dune in 2008. It may be easily confused with Calbovista subsculpta, a
similar puffball that—in addition to differences observable only with
microscopy—is larger, and has slightly raised warts with a felt-like
texture. Other similar species include Calvatia arctica and immature
specimens of Amanita magniverrucata. The species was first described in
1885 by American mycologist Harvey Willson Harkness, who called it "a
curious and strikingly beautiful species".

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvatia_sculpta>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1533 – : Conquistador Francisco Pizarro executed the last independent
Inca Emperor Atahualpa in Cajamarca during the Spanish conquest of the
Empire.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atahualpa>

1759:

French and Indian War: Rather than defend Fort Carillon near
present-day Ticonderoga, New York, from an approaching 11,000-man
British force, French Brigadier General François-Charles de Bourlamaque
withdrew his troops and attempted to blow up the fort.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Ticonderoga_(1759)>

1908:

Unable to use U.S. Secret Service agents as investigators,
Attorney General Charles Bonaparte established what is now the Federal
Bureau of Investigation as his own staff of special agents.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation>

1953:

Fidel Castro and his brother Raúl led a group of approximately
135 rebels in an unsuccessful attack on the Moncada Barracks, thus
beginning the Cuban Revolution.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moncada_Barracks>

2007:

After widespread controversy throughout Wales, Shambo, a black
Friesian bull that had been adopted by the local Hindu community, was
slaughtered due to concerns about bovine tuberculosis.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shambo>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

mantelletta:
(Roman Catholicism) A sleeveless, knee-length vestment open at the front
which is worn by Roman Catholic prelates.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mantelletta>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  No language exists that cannot be misused … Every interpretation
is hypothetical, for it is a mere attempt to read an unfamiliar text.
 
--Carl Jung
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Carl_Jung>

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Monday, July 24, 2017

[Daily article] July 25: Kill 'Em All

Kill 'Em All is the debut studio album by the American heavy metal band
Metallica, released on July 25, 1983, by the independent record label
Megaforce Records. It is a groundbreaking album for thrash metal, which
fuses riffs of the new wave of British heavy metal with hardcore punk
tempos. Its musical approach and lyrics, markedly different from rock's
mainstream of the early Eighties, inspired other thrash metal bands. The
album did not enter the Billboard 200 until 1986, when it peaked at
number 155, following Metallica's commercial success with its third
studio album Master of Puppets; the 1988 Elektra reissue peaked at
number 120. Kill 'Em All was critically praised at the time of its
release and was ranked at number 35 on Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest
Metal Albums of All Time list. It was certified 3× Platinum by the
Recording Industry Association of America in 1999 for shipping three
million copies in the United States. The album generated two singles:
"Whiplash" and "Jump in the Fire". Metallica promoted the album on the
Kill 'Em All for One tour with Raven in the United States.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kill_%27Em_All>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1261:

Alexios Strategopoulos led the Nicaean forces of Michael VIII
Palaiologos to recapture Constantinople, re-establish the Byzantine
Empire, and end the Latin Empire.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexios_Strategopoulos>

1893:

The Corinth Canal, which bisects the narrow Isthmus of Corinth,
was formally opened, connecting the Gulf of Corinth with the Aegean
Sea's Saronic Gulf.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corinth_Canal>

1965:

Bob Dylan, who had previously been known for folk music, gave a
controversial performance at the Newport Folk Festival, playing songs
with an electric guitar.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_Dylan_controversy>

1976:

In a classic example of pareidolia, the Viking 1 spacecraft
took a photo of what appeared to be a face on Mars.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cydonia_(region_of_Mars)>

2007:

Pratibha Patil was sworn in as the first female President of
India.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratibha_Patil>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

praziquantel:
An anthelmintic medication used to treat a number of types of parasitic
worm infections, including clonorchiasis, cysticercosis,
opisthorchiasis, schistosomiasis, and tapeworm infections.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/praziquantel>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  The only index by which to judge a government or a way of life is
by the quality of the people it acts upon. No matter how noble the
objectives of a government, if it blurs decency and kindness, cheapens
human life, and breeds ill will and suspicion — it is an evil
government.  
--Eric Hoffer
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Eric_Hoffer>

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Sunday, July 23, 2017

[Daily article] July 24: Monte Ne

Monte Ne is a former health resort and planned community in the U.S.
state of Arkansas, open from 1901 to the mid-1930s. It was owned and
operated by William Hope Harvey, a financial theorist and writer, in the
Ozark hills of the White River valley east of Rogers on the edge of
Beaver Lake. Two of its hotels, Missouri Row and Oklahoma Row, were the
largest log buildings in the world at the time, and Oklahoma Row's tower
is one of the earliest examples of a multi-story concrete structure. The
resort was not a financial success, due in part to Harvey's management
style, and shortly after his death the property was sold off. The
remainder of the resort and town was almost completely submerged after
Beaver Lake was created in 1964. The severely vandalized Oklahoma Row
tower is the only remaining structure that can be seen at normal lake
levels. The area on the edge of Beaver Lake still referred to as Monte
Ne, owned and managed by the United States Army Corps of Engineers,
serves mainly as a boat ramp.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Ne>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1411:

Forces of Donald of Islay, Lord of the Isles, and Alexander
Stewart, Earl of Mar, fought at the Battle of Harlaw near Inverurie,
Scotland.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Harlaw>

1701:

French explorer Antoine de La Mothe Cadillac established Fort
Pontchartrain du Détroit, which later grew into the city of Detroit.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit>

1910:

Ottoman forces captured the city of Shkodër to put down the
Albanian revolt of 1910.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1910>

1967:

During a speech in Montreal, French President Charles de Gaulle
declared "Long live free Quebec!", a statement that was interpreted as
support for Quebec independence from Canada.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vive_le_Qu%C3%A9bec_libre>

2013:

A Spanish high-speed train derailed at Santiago de Compostela;
79 died and around 140 were injured (rescue efforts pictured).
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela_derailment>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

schlep:
1. (transitive, informal) To carry, drag, or lug.
2. (intransitive, informal) To go, as on an errand or task.
3. (intransitive, informal) To act in a slovenly, lazy, or sloppy manner.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/schlep>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  Integrity is not a conditional word. It doesn't blow in the wind
or change with the weather. It is your inner image of yourself, and if
you look in there and see a man who won't cheat, then you know he never
will. Integrity is not a search for the rewards of integrity. Maybe all
you ever get for it is the largest kick in the ass the world can
provide. It is not supposed to be a productive asset. Crime pays a lot
better. I can bend my own rules way, way over, but there is a place
where I finally stop bending them.  
--John D. MacDonald
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/John_D._MacDonald>

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Saturday, July 22, 2017

[Daily article] July 23: 1983 Atlantic hurricane season

The 1983 Atlantic hurricane season was the least active Atlantic
hurricane season in 53 years. Although the season begins by convention
on June 1, there were no tropical depressions until July 23, and only
four of the season's seven depressions became tropical storms. Tropical
Depression Three became Hurricane Alicia (satellite image pictured) on
August 17 and made landfall in Texas the next day, breaking thousands of
glass windows in Houston's skyscrapers, killing 22 people and causing
$1.7 billion in damage. The storm that became Hurricane Barry formed on
August 25, crossed Florida, and made landfall near Brownsville, Texas,
dissipating five days later. Hurricane Chantal stayed out at sea, and
was absorbed by a front on September 15. Tropical Depression Six formed
on September 19 and caused heavy rains in the Caribbean. Tropical Storm
Dean, the final storm of the season, attained peak winds of 65 mph
(105 km/h), and made landfall on the Delmarva Peninsula on September
29.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983_Atlantic_hurricane_season>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1862:

American Civil War: Henry Halleck was appointed general-in-
chief of the Union Army.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Halleck>

1921:

The Communist Party of China was founded at the founding
National Congress in Shanghai.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_Party_of_China>

1942:

The Holocaust: The gas chambers at Treblinka extermination camp
began operation, killing 6,500 Jews who had been transported from the
Warsaw Ghetto the day before.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treblinka_extermination_camp>

1974:

Following the collapse of the Greek military junta, the
Metapolitefsi period began as the country transitioned to a democratic
government.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metapolitefsi>

2002:

On the 50th anniversary of its founding, the European Coal and
Steel Community disbanded, and its activities and resources were
absorbed by the European Community.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Coal_and_Steel_Community>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

bon mot:
A clever saying, phrase or witticism; often, a witty riposte in
dialogue.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bon_mot>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  The law isn't justice. It's a very imperfect mechanism. If you
press exactly the right buttons and are also lucky, justice may show up
in the answer. A mechanism is all the law was ever intended to be.
 
--Raymond Chandler
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Raymond_Chandler>

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Friday, July 21, 2017

[Daily article] July 22: 2012 Tour de France

The 2012 Tour de France was the 99th edition of the race, one of
cycling's Grand Tours. The 21 race stages, including the prologue,
covered 3,496.9 km (2,173 mi), from the Belgian city of Liège on 30
June to the Champs-Élysées in Paris on 22 July. Bradley Wiggins
(pictured) from Team Sky won the overall general classification,
becoming the first British rider to win the Tour. Wiggins's teammate
Chris Froome placed second, and Vincenzo Nibali (Liquigas–Cannondale)
was third. Wiggins maintained leadership of the race after stage seven,
the first mountainous stage. The points classification was won by
Nibali's teammate Peter Sagan, who won three stages, as did André
Greipel of Lotto–Belisol and Team Sky rider Mark Cavendish. Team
Europcar's Thomas Voeckler won the mountains classification. BMC Racing
Team's Tejay van Garderen, in fifth place overall, won the young rider
classification. The team classification was won by RadioShack–Nissan,
and Chris Anker Sørensen (Saxo Bank–Tinkoff Bank) was given the award
for the most combative rider.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Tour_de_France>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1802:

Gia Long conquered Hanoi and unified modern-day Vietnam, which
had experienced centuries of feudal warfare.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gia_Long>

1894:

Despite finishing in first place in the world's first auto
race, Jules-Albert de Dion did not win, as his steam-powered car was
against the rules.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules-Albert_de_Dion>

1944:

In opposition to the Polish government-in-exile, the Soviet-
sponsored Polish Committee of National Liberation published its
manifesto, calling for radical reforms, a continuation of fighting in
World War II against Nazi Germany, nationalisation of industry, and a
"decent border in the West".
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_Committee_of_National_Liberation>

1992:

Colombian drug lord Pablo Escobar escaped from his luxurious
private prison and spent the next 17 months on the run.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pablo_Escobar>

2011:

Two sequential terrorist attacks in Oslo and Utøya claimed the
lives of 77 people in the deadliest attack in Norway since World War II.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Norway_attacks>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

pave the way:
(idiomatic, often followed by for) To make future development easier.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pave_the_way>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  When we're incomplete, we're always searching for somebody to
complete us. When, after a few years or a few months of a relationship,
we find that we're still unfulfilled, we blame our partners and take up
with somebody more promising. This can go on and on — series polygamy
— until we admit that while a partner can add sweet dimension to our
lives, we, each of us, are responsible for our own fulfillment. Nobody
else can provide it for us, and to believe otherwise is to delude
ourselves dangerously and to program for eventual failure every
relationship we enter.  
--Tom Robbins
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Tom_Robbins>

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Thursday, July 20, 2017

[Daily article] July 21: Murder of Dwayne Jones

Dwayne Jones was a Jamaican 16-year-old who was killed by a violent mob
in Montego Bay on the night of 21 July 2013, after he attended a dance
party dressed in women's clothing. Perceived as effeminate, Jones had
been bullied in school and rejected by his father, and had moved into a
derelict house in Montego Bay with transgender friends. When some men at
the dance party discovered that the cross-dressing Jones was not a
woman, they confronted and attacked him. He was beaten, stabbed, shot,
and run over by a car. Police investigated, but the murder remains
unsolved. The death made news internationally. While voices on social
media accused Jones of provoking his killers by cross-dressing in
public, the murder was condemned by Jamaican educators and by Justice
Minister Mark Golding. In the wake of the attack, domestic and
international organisations devoted to LGBT rights and human rights –
among them Human Rights Watch and Jamaicans for Justice – asked the
Jamaican authorities for a proper investigation and for legal
recognition of LGBT rights on the island.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_Dwayne_Jones>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

365:

A large earthquake that occurred near Crete and its subsequent
tsunami caused widespread destruction throughout the eastern
Mediterranean region.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/365_Crete_earthquake>

1877:

During the Great Railroad Strike of 1877, much of central
Pittsburgh was burned and looted in the Pittsburgh railway riots.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh_railway_riots>

1925:

American high school biology teacher John T. Scopes was found
guilty of violating Tennessee's Butler Act by teaching evolution in
class.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scopes_Trial>

1970:

The Aswan High Dam in Egypt was completed after 11 years of
construction.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aswan_Dam>

2007:

Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, the final book in the
popular Harry Potter series by J. K. Rowling, was released to record
sales of 15 million copies in its first 24 hours, making it the fastest-
selling book in history.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Deathly_Hallows>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

imbroglio:
A complicated situation; an entanglement.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/imbroglio>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  "Peace Train" is a song I wrote, the message of which continues to
breeze thunderously through the hearts of millions. There is a powerful
need for people to feel that gust of hope rise up again. As a member of
humanity and as a Muslim, this is my contribution to the call for a
peaceful solution.  
--Cat Stevens (Yusuf Islam)
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Cat_Stevens>

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Wednesday, July 19, 2017

[Daily article] July 20: Audioslave

Audioslave was an American rock supergroup formed in Los Angeles in
2001. The four-piece band consisted of Chris Cornell, Soundgarden's lead
singer and rhythm guitarist (pictured), and Rage Against the Machine
members Tom Morello (lead guitar), Tim Commerford (bass and backing
vocals), and Brad Wilk (drums). Their sound was created by blending
1970s hard rock with 1990s alternative rock, using only guitar, bass,
drums, and vocals. The group released three albums, received three
Grammy nominations, and became the first American rock band to perform
an open-air concert in Cuba. They disbanded in February 2007 when
Cornell announced he was leaving "due to irresolvable personality
conflicts as well as musical differences". The 2007 Rage Against the
Machine reunion and tour involving the rest of the band cemented the
supergroup's demise, as did the solo albums released that same year by
Morello and Cornell. The group announced a reunion in January 2017, and
performed together for the first time in over a decade at Prophets of
Rage's Anti-Inaugural Ball. Cornell died in May 2017.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audioslave>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1779:

Tekle Giyorgis I began the first of his six reigns as Emperor
of Ethiopia.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekle_Giyorgis_I>

1807:

French brothers Claude and Nicéphore Niépce received a patent
for their Pyréolophore (diagram pictured), one of the world's first
internal combustion engines.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9olophore>

1922:

The German protectorate of Togoland was divided into the League
of Nations mandates of French Togoland and British Togoland.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Togoland>

1987:

United Nations Security Council Resolution 598 was adopted,
calling for an immediate ceasefire in the Iran–Iraq War.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_598>

1997:

After being fully restored, the USS Constitution, one of the
United States Navy's first ships, sailed for the first time in 116
years.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Constitution>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

moon shot:
1. The launching of a spacecraft or an object to orbit or land on the Moon.
2. (sports) An act of throwing or hitting a ball with a high trajectory.
3. (figuratively) An expensive, hard, or unlikely task of great potential
impact.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/moon_shot>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  I had rather excel others in the knowledge of what is excellent,
than in the extent of my power and dominion.  
--Alexander the Great
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Alexander_the_Great>

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Tuesday, July 18, 2017

[Daily article] July 19: McDonnell Douglas A-4G Skyhawk

The McDonnell Douglas A-4G Skyhawk, a variant of the Douglas A-4 Skyhawk
attack aircraft, was developed for the Royal Australian Navy (RAN), and
first flown on 19 July 1967. Ten were delivered in 1967 and another ten
in 1971, and the type was in service with the RAN until 1984. They
joined the air group of the aircraft carrier HMAS Melbourne, and were
primarily used to provide air defence for the fleet and take part in
exercises throughout the Pacific region. They did not see combat. Ten
A-4Gs were destroyed as a result of equipment failures and non-combat
crashes during the type's service with the Navy, causing the deaths of
two pilots. The RAN had no need for most of its fixed-wing aircraft
after Melbourne was decommissioned in 1982, and the ten remaining A-4Gs
were sold to the Royal New Zealand Air Force in 1984; they were
initially used for training purposes, and were retired in 2001. Eight
A-4Ks, including six former A-4Gs, were sold to Draken International in
2012, and are in service supporting United States military training
exercises.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_A-4G_Skyhawk>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1817:

Having been unsuccessful in his attempt to seize the Kingdom of
Hawaii for Russia, Georg Anton Schäffer was forced to depart for China.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Anton_Sch%C3%A4ffer>

1845:

The last major fire to affect Manhattan destroyed 345 buildings
and caused at least $5 million in damage.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_New_York_City_Fire_of_1845>

1916:

First World War: "The worst 24 hours in Australia's entire
history" occurred when Australian forces suffered heavy losses in their
unsuccessful assault on the Germans at the Battle of Fromelles in
France.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Fromelles>

1992:

A car bomb killed anti-Mafia judge Paolo Borsellino and five
policemen in Palermo, Italy, less than two months after the murder of
his friend and colleague Giovanni Falcone.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Via_D%27Amelio_bombing>

1997:

The Provisional Irish Republican Army permanently resumed its
ceasefire to end its 25-year campaign against British rule in Northern
Ireland.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army_campaign>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

flerd:
A mixed group of ruminants, such as sheep and cattle.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/flerd>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  It seems to me that today, if the artist wishes to be serious —
to cut out a little original niche for himself, or at least preserve his
own innocence of personality — he must once more sink himself in
solitude. There is too much talk and gossip; pictures are apparently
made, like stock-market prices, by competition of people eager for
profit; in order to do anything at all we need (so to speak) the wit and
ideas of our neighbors as much as the businessmen need the funds of
others to win on the market. All this traffic sharpens our intelligence
and falsifies our judgment.  
--Edgar Degas
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Edgar_Degas>

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Monday, July 17, 2017

[Daily article] July 18: Columbia River

The Columbia River is the largest river in the Pacific Northwest region
of North America. Rising in the Rocky Mountains, it flows south into
Washington, then turns west to form most of that state's border with
Oregon before emptying into the Pacific, 1,243 miles (2,000 km) from
its source. By volume it is the fourth-largest river in the US and the
largest in North America that enters the Pacific. The river system hosts
salmon and other fish that migrate between freshwater habitats and the
saline waters of the Pacific Ocean. In the late 18th century, a private
American ship became the first non-indigenous vessel to enter the river.
Overland explorers entered the Willamette Valley through the scenic but
treacherous Columbia River Gorge. Railroads were built in the valley in
the late 19th century, many running along the river. Since the early
20th century, the river has been dammed for power generation,
navigation, irrigation, and flood control. The 14 hydroelectric dams on
the Columbia (Bonneville Dam pictured), the Snake River, and the
Columbia's other tributaries produce more than 44 percent of total US
hydroelectric power.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_River>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1806:

A gunpowder magazine explosion in Birgu, Malta, killed around
200 people.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1806_Birgu_polverista_explosion>

1841:

Pedro II, the last Emperor of Brazil, having reigned in
minority since 1831, was acclaimed, crowned and consecrated.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_II_of_Brazil>

1969:

After a party on Chappaquiddick Island in Massachusetts, United
States Senator Ted Kennedy drove his car off a bridge, killing his
passenger Mary Jo Kopechne, a former campaign worker.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chappaquiddick_incident>

1976:

At the Olympic Games in Montreal, Nadia Comăneci became the
first person to score a perfect 10 in a modern Olympics gymnastics
event.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadia_Com%C4%83neci>

2012:

A suicide bomber attacked an Israeli tour bus at Burgas
Airport, Bulgaria, which led the European Union to list the military
branch of Hezbollah as a terrorist organization.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Burgas_bus_bombing>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

hostis humani generis:
(international law) A person who has committed a criminal act so
grave&#160;– originally maritime piracy and slave-trading, and now
torture as well&#160;– that any nation may put on trial and, upon
conviction, punish him or her.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hostis_humani_generis>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  When I first made Night of the Living Dead, it got analyzed and
overanalyzed way out of proportion. The zombies were written about as if
they represented Nixon's Silent Majority or whatever. But I never
thought about it that way. My stories are about humans and how they
react, or fail to react, or react stupidly. I'm pointing the finger at
us, not at the zombies. I try to respect and sympathize with the zombies
as much as possible.  
--George A. Romero
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/George_A._Romero>

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Sunday, July 16, 2017

[Daily article] July 17: Dire wolf

The dire wolf (Canis dirus, "fearsome dog") was a prehistoric carnivore
of the Western Hemisphere in the late Pleistocene Epoch
(125,000–10,000 years ago). The extinct species probably evolved from
Armbruster's wolf (Canis armbrusteri). The dire wolf was about the same
size as the Yukon and Northwestern wolves, the largest modern gray
wolves (Canis lupus). Its skull and dentition matched those of the gray
wolf, but its teeth were larger with greater shearing ability, and its
bite force at the canine tooth was the strongest of any known Canis
species. These adaptations allowed it to hunt, probably in packs, for
Late Pleistocene megaherbivores. In North America it competed with the
sabre-toothed cat for prey including horses, sloths, mastodons, bison,
and camels. Dire wolf remains have been found across a broad range of
habitats including the plains, grasslands, and some forested mountain
areas of North America, and in the arid savannah of South America. The
largest collection of dire wolf fossils comes from the La Brea Tar Pits
in Los Angeles; its latest remains date from 9,440 years ago.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dire_wolf>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1453:

The Battle of Castillon, the last conflict of the Hundred
Years' War, ended with the English losing all landholdings in France,
except Calais.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Castillon>

1771:

Dene men, acting as guides to Samuel Hearne on his exploration
of the Coppermine River in present-day Nunavut, Canada, massacred a
group of about 20 Copper Inuit.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloody_Falls_massacre>

1918:

RMS Carpathia, which had rescued the survivors of the RMS
Titanic sinking, was itself sunk by a German U-boat.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RMS_Carpathia>

1944:

Two ships laden with ammunition for World War II exploded at
the Port Chicago Naval Magazine in Port Chicago, California, killing 320
sailors and civilians, and injuring more than 400 others.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Chicago_disaster>

1992:

Queen Elizabeth II officially opened the Manchester Metrolink,
the first modern street running light rail system in the United Kingdom.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester_Metrolink>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

unused:
1. (not comparable) Not used.
2. Not accustomed (to), unfamiliar with.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/unused>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  Of all the people who failed to buy one of my books today, the
vast majority did so because they never heard of them, not because they
got a free digital copy from the Internet.  
--Cory Doctorow
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Cory_Doctorow>

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Saturday, July 15, 2017

[Daily article] July 16: Project Y

The Los Alamos Laboratory was a secret laboratory in a remote part of
New Mexico established by the Manhattan Project during World War II and
operated by the University of California. Its mission was to design and
build the first atomic bombs. The laboratory was designing a plutonium
gun-type fission weapon called Thin Man until April 1944, when it
determined that the nuclear reactor-bred plutonium in the bomb could
predetonate before the core was fully assembled. Robert Oppenheimer
reorganized the laboratory, and orchestrated an all-out effort on an
alternative design, an implosion-type nuclear weapon called Fat Man. The
gun-type Little Boy was developed using uranium-235. The laboratory also
built an aqueous homogeneous reactor, and researched the hydrogen bomb.
The Fat Man design was used in the Trinity nuclear test on 16 July 1945,
and laboratory personnel participated in the bombing of Hiroshima and
Nagasaki as pit crews, weaponeers and observers. Oppenheimer was
succeeded as director by Norris Bradbury in December 1945. After the
war, assembly activities moved to Sandia. The Los Alamos Laboratory
became the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory in 1947.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Y>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1769:

Spanish friar Junípero Serra founded Mission San Diego de
Alcalá, the first Franciscan mission in the Alta California region of
New Spain.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mission_San_Diego_de_Alcal%C3%A1>

1782:

Mozart's opera Die Entführung aus dem Serail made its
premiere, after which Emperor Joseph II anecdotally made the comment
that it had "too many notes".
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Entf%C3%BChrung_aus_dem_Serail>

1931:

Emperor of Ethiopia Haile Selassie signed the nation's first
constitution, intended to officially replace the Fetha Nagast, which had
been the supreme law since the Middle Ages.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931_Constitution_of_Ethiopia>

1983:

A British Airways Sikorsky S-61 helicopter crashed in the
Celtic Sea in thick fog, killing 20 of the 26 on board, and sparking a
review of helicopter safety in the United Kingdom.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983_British_Airways_Sikorsky_S-61_crash>

2007:

A magnitude 6.6 MW earthquake struck Niigata Prefecture, Japan,
causing a leak of radioactive gases from the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear
Power Plant.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Ch%C5%ABetsu_offshore_earthquake>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

massasauga:
The rattlesnake (Sistrurus catenatus, syn. Crotalus catenatus) in the
family Viperidae, found in three subspecies.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/massasauga>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  I'm not too sure old Phoebe knew what the hell I was talking
about. I mean she's only a little child and all. But she was listening,
at least. If somebody at least listens, it's not too bad.  
--The Catcher in the Rye
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/The_Catcher_in_the_Rye>

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Friday, July 14, 2017

[Daily article] July 15: God of War III

God of War III is a third person action-adventure video game released in
2010 for the PlayStation 3 console, with a remastered version released
for PlayStation 4 on July 14, 2015. The player controls Kratos, the
former God of War, who was betrayed by his father Zeus. Reigniting the
War of the Titans, Kratos ascends Mount Olympus and battles monsters,
gods, and Titans in a quest to open Pandora's Box, defeat Zeus, and end
the reign of the Olympian Gods. The gameplay focuses on combo-based
combat and features quick time events to defeat stronger enemies and
bosses. The game also features magical attacks, puzzles, and platforming
elements. Critically acclaimed upon release, it won several awards,
including "Most Anticipated Game of 2010" and "Best PS3 Game" at the
2009 and 2010 Spike Video Game Awards, respectively, and the "Artistic
Achievement" award at the 2011 British Academy of Film and Television
Arts Video Game Awards. It is the best-selling game in the God of War
series and ninth among all PlayStation 3 games, with nearly 5.2 million
copies sold worldwide.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_of_War_III>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1799:

French soldiers uncovered the Rosetta Stone in Fort Julien,
near the Egyptian port city of Rashid.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosetta_Stone>

1815:

Aboard HMS Bellerophon, Napoleon surrendered to Royal Navy
Captain Frederick Lewis Maitland to finally end the Napoleonic Wars.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Bellerophon_(1786)>

1910:

In his book Clinical Psychiatry, Emil Kraepelin gave a name to
Alzheimer's disease, naming it after his colleague Alois Alzheimer.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease>

1959:

Five hundred thousand American steelworkers went on strike,
closing nearly every steel mill in the country.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel_strike_of_1959>

1997:

American serial killer Andrew Cunanan gunned down fashion
designer Gianni Versace in Miami, Florida.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gianni_Versace>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

dollop:
1. (transitive) To apply haphazardly in generous lumps or scoops.
2. (intransitive) To drip in a viscous form.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dollop>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  We know that the Jews were prohibited from investigating the
future. The Torah and the prayers instruct them in remembrance, however.
This stripped the future of its magic, to which all those succumb who
turn to the soothsayers for enlightenment. This did not imply, however,
that for the Jews the future turned into homogeneous empty time. For
every second of time was the strait gate through which the Messiah might
enter.  
--Walter Benjamin
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Walter_Benjamin>

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Thursday, July 13, 2017

[Daily article] July 14: Noye's Fludde

Noye's Fludde is a one-act opera written largely for young amateur
performers, created by the British composer Benjamin Britten. First
performed in 1958 at the annual Aldeburgh Festival, it is based on the
15th-century Chester "mystery" play which recounts the biblical story of
Noah, the flood and the ark. Britten had written numerous works for
mixed professionals and amateurs, and had also used text from the
Chester play cycle, for his 1952 Canticle II. For Noye's Fludde he added
to the Chester text three congregational hymns, together with the Greek
prayer Kyrie eleison and an Alleluia chorus. Of the solo sung roles,
only the parts of Noye (Noah) and his wife are intended to be sung by
professionals; the remaining roles are taken by child and adolescent
performers. The mainly amateur orchestra contains numerous
unconventional instruments. At its premiere Noye's Fludde was acclaimed
by critics and the public alike, both for the inspiration of the music
and for the design and production. Since then it has been staged
worldwide; the performance in Beijing in October 2012 was the first in
China of any Britten opera.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noye%27s_Fludde>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1789:

French Revolution: Parisians stormed the Bastille, freeing its
inmates and taking the prison's large quantities of arms and ammunition.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storming_of_the_Bastille>

1950:

In an early battle of the Korean War, North Korean troops began
attacking the headquarters of the American 24th Infantry Division in
Taejon, South Korea.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Taejon>

1958:

Faisal II, the last king of Iraq, was overthrown by a military
coup d'état led by Abd al-Karim Qasim.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14_July_Revolution>

1987:

Over 100 mm (3.9 in) of rain fell in a two-and-a-half-hour
period in Montreal, causing severe flooding and over C$220 million in
damages.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal_flood_of_1987>

1995:

The MPEG-2 Audio Layer III audio coding format was given the
filename extension by which it became known: MP3.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MP3>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

galette:
1. A type of flat, round cake from France.
2. Short for Breton galette: a crêpe or pancake made with buckwheat flour,
and often with a savoury filling, originally from Upper Brittany in
France.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/galette>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  Arise, children of the Fatherland, The day of glory has arrived!
Against us tyranny's Bloody banner is raised … Do you hear, in the
countryside, The roar of those ferocious soldiers? They're coming right
into your arms To slaughter your sons, your companions!! To arms,
citizens, Form your battalions, Let's march, let's march!  
--Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Claude_Joseph_Rouget_de_Lisle>

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Wednesday, July 12, 2017

[Daily article] July 13: Blade Runner

Blade Runner is a 1982 American neo-noir science fiction film directed
by Ridley Scott, starring Harrison Ford (pictured), Rutger Hauer, Sean
Young, and Edward James Olmos. It depicts a dystopian world in 2019,
where genetically engineered humanoid replicants are used for dangerous
work on off-world colonies. Four of them have illegally come to Los
Angeles to confront the man who designed them. They are hunted by Rick
Deckard (Ford), who is troubled by his relationship with Rachael, an
advanced replicant. The film, a loose adaptation of the 1968 novel Do
Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? by Philip K. Dick, was written by
Hampton Fancher and David Peoples. It polarized critics and
underperformed in theaters, but won many awards and has since become a
cult film. It was one of the first films released on DVD. Hailed for its
tech noir production design, it was inducted into the National Film
Registry in 1993, and is now highly regarded by many critics. In 2007
Warner Bros. released a remastered version. A sequel, Blade Runner
2049, is set for release in October 2017.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blade_Runner>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1260:

The Livonian Order suffered its greatest defeat in the 13th
century in the Battle of Durbe against the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Durbe>

1878:

At the conclusion of the Congress of Berlin, the major powers
in Europe signed the Treaty of Berlin, redrawing the map of the Balkans.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin_(1878)>

1962:

In an unprecedented action, British Prime Minister Harold
Macmillan dismissed seven members of his Cabinet.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night_of_the_Long_Knives_(1962)>

1973:

Watergate scandal: Under questioning by Senate investigators,
White House deputy chief of staff Alexander Butterfield revealed the
existence of a secret taping system (tape recorder pictured) in the Oval
Office.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nixon_White_House_tapes>

2003:

French DGSE personnel aborted an operation to rescue Colombian
politician Íngrid Betancourt from the Revolutionary Armed Forces of
Colombia, causing a political scandal when details were leaked to the
press six days later.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_14_juillet>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

assassinatrix:
(rare) A female assassin.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/assassinatrix>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  It is by the straight line and the circle that the first and most
simple example and representation of all things may be demonstrated,
whether such things be either non-existent or merely hidden under
Nature's veils.  
--John Dee
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/John_Dee>

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Tuesday, July 11, 2017

[Daily article] July 12: Battle of Prokhorovka

The Battle of Prokhorovka (12 July 1943), one of the largest tank
battles in history, was fought between Waffen-SS units of Nazi Germany
and Red Army units of the Soviet Union during the Second World War on
the Eastern Front. The climax of the German offensive Operation Citadel,
it resulted when the Soviet 5th Guards Tank Army intercepted the II SS-
Panzer Corps of the German Wehrmacht near Prokhorovka. The Soviet forces
were decimated in the attack, but succeeded in preventing the Wehrmacht
from capturing Prokhorovka and breaking through the last heavily
fortified defensive belt. With the Germans unable to accomplish their
objective for Operation Citadel, they cancelled it and began redeploying
their forces to deal with new pressing developments elsewhere. The
failure of the operation marked the first time in the war that a major
German offensive was halted before it could break through enemy
defences. The Soviet Union permanently gained the strategic initiative,
and Germany permanently lost the capacity to launch offensives of this
scale on the Eastern Front.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Prokhorovka>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1561:

Saint Basil's Cathedral, located at the geographic center of
Moscow, was consecrated.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Basil%27s_Cathedral>

1801:

French Revolutionary Wars: A squadron of British Royal Navy
ships of the line defeated a larger squadron of ships from the Spanish
Navy and French Navy in the Gut of Gibraltar.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Algeciras>

1917:

Vigilantes forcibly deported about 1,300 striking mine workers,
their supporters, and bystanders from Bisbee, Arizona, U.S., to New
Mexico.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisbee_Deportation>

1963:

In Gorton, England, 16-year-old Pauline Reade disappeared, the
first victim of serial killers Ian Brady and Myra Hindley.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moors_murders>

2007:

Two U.S. Army AH-64 Apache helicopters conducted a series of
air-to-ground attacks in Baghdad; classified cockpit gunsight footage
was released to the Internet in 2010.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_12,_2007_Baghdad_airstrike>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

haptic:
1. Of or relating to the sense of touch; tactile.
2. (computing) Of or relating to haptics ("the study of user interfaces
that use the sense of touch").
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/haptic>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  Politicians are always realistically maneuvering for the next
election. They are obsolete as fundamental problem-solvers.  
--Buckminster Fuller
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Buckminster_Fuller>

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Monday, July 10, 2017

[Daily article] July 11: Dredd

Dredd is a 2012 science fiction action film directed by Pete Travis and
written and produced by Alex Garland, released first on 11 July at the
San Diego Comic-Con, and worldwide that September. Karl Urban (pictured)
stars as Judge Dredd (based on the 2000 AD comic book character), a law
enforcer given the power of judge, jury and executioner in a vast, post-
apocalyptic metropolis called Mega-City One. Dredd and his apprentice
partner, Judge Anderson (Olivia Thirlby), are instructed to bring order
to a 200-storey high-rise block of flats and deal with its resident drug
lord, Ma-Ma (Lena Headey). Produced by the British studio DNA Films,
Dredd began principal photography, using 3D cameras throughout, in
November 2010. Filming took place on practical sets and in Cape Town and
Johannesburg. Critics were generally positive about the film's visual
effects, casting and action, but found it too violent, and out of touch
with the satire of the comic strip. It earned just over $41 million at
the box office on an estimated budget of $30–45 million, but saw
greater success following its home release, and has since been
recognised as a cult film.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dredd>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1405:

Marking the start of Ming China's treasure voyages, Admiral
Zheng He's expeditionary fleet set sail towards foreign regions on the
South China Sea and Indian Ocean.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treasure_voyages>

1848:

London Waterloo station, Britain's busiest railway station by
passenger usage, was opened by the London and South Western Railway.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Waterloo_station>

1936:

New York City's Triborough Bridge, the "biggest traffic machine
ever built", opened to traffic.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triborough_Bridge>

1960:

To Kill a Mockingbird, a novel by Harper Lee, featuring themes
of racial injustice and the destruction of innocence in the American
Deep South, was first published.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/To_Kill_a_Mockingbird>

2011:

An explosion at the Evangelos Florakis Naval Base killed 13
people, including the head of the Cyprus Navy.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelos_Florakis_Naval_Base_explosion>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

russet:
1. Having a reddish-brown color.
2. (archaic) Gray or ash-colored.
3. (botany) Having a rough skin that is reddish-brown or greyish; russeted.
4. Rustic, homespun, coarse, plain.
5. The condition of leather when its treatment is complete, but it is not
yet colored (stained) and polished.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/russet>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  The duties of man consist in alternate action and meditation,
mutually aiding and relieving each other; and both, directed with
undeviating aim, to the progressive improvement of himself and his
fellow creatures. Heaven has given him in charge, to promote the
happiness and well-being of himself, his wife, his children, his
kindred, his neighbors, his fellow citizens, his country, and his kind;
and the great problem of legislation is, so to organize the civil
government of a community, that this gradation of duties, may be made to
harmonize in all its parts — that in the operation of human
institutions upon social action, self-love and social may be made the
same.  
--John Quincy Adams
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams>

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Sunday, July 9, 2017

[Daily article] July 10: Grace Sherwood

Grace Sherwood (c. 1660 – c. 1740), called the Witch of Pungo, is the
last person known to have been convicted of witchcraft in Virginia. A
farmer, healer, and midwife, she was charged with witchcraft several
times. In 1706, she was accused of bewitching Elizabeth Hill and causing
her to miscarry. The court ordered that Sherwood's guilt or innocence be
determined by dunking her in water: if she sank, she was innocent; if
she did not, she was guilty. Sherwood floated to the surface, and may
have spent up to eight years in jail before being released. After being
freed from prison and recovering her property from Princess Anne County,
she lived on her farm in Pungo from 1714 until her death at the age of
about 80. On July 10, 2006, the 300th anniversary of Sherwood's
conviction, Governor Tim Kaine reversed the miscarriage of justice and
restored her good name. A statue depicting her was erected in Virginia
Beach, close to the site of the colonial courthouse where she was tried.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Sherwood>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1519:

Zhu Chenhao declared Ming emperor Zhengde a usurper, beginning
the Prince of Ning rebellion.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_of_Ning_rebellion>

1800:

Lord Wellesley, Governor-General of the British Raj, founded
Fort William College in Fort William, India.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_William_College>

1942:

An American naval aviator discovered a downed Mitsubishi A6M
Zero on Akutan Island, Alaska, US, which was later rebuilt and flown to
devise tactics against that type of aircraft.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akutan_Zero>

1966:

Martin Luther King Jr. led a rally in support of the Chicago
Freedom Movement, one of the most ambitious civil rights campaigns in
the northern United States.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Freedom_Movement>

2011:

The last edition of the British tabloid News of the World was
published, closing due to allegations that it hacked the voicemails of
murdered schoolgirl Milly Dowler, victims of the 7/7 attacks and
relatives of deceased British soldiers.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_International_phone_hacking_scandal>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

exonerate:
1. (transitive, now rare) To relieve (someone or something) of a load; to
unburden (a load).
2. (obsolete, reflexive) Of a body of water: to discharge or empty
(itself).
3. (transitive) To free from an obligation, responsibility or task.
4. (transitive) To free from accusation or blame.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/exonerate>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  Ere many generations pass, our machinery will be driven by a power
obtainable at any point of the universe. This idea is not novel. Men
have been led to it long ago by instinct or reason; it has been
expressed in many ways, and in many places, in the history of old and
new. We find it in the delightful myth of Antaeus, who derives power
from the earth; we find it among the subtle speculations of one of your
splendid mathematicians and in many hints and statements of thinkers of
the present time. Throughout space there is energy. Is this energy
static or kinetic! If static our hopes are in vain; if kinetic — and
this we know it is, for certain — then it is a mere question of time
when men will succeed in attaching their machinery to the very wheelwork
of nature.  
--Nikola Tesla
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Nikola_Tesla>

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Saturday, July 8, 2017

[Daily article] July 9: Weird Tales

Weird Tales is an American fantasy and horror fiction pulp magazine
founded by J. C. Henneberger and J. M. Lansinger in March 1923. The
first editor, Edwin Baird, printed early work by H. P. Lovecraft,
Seabury Quinn, and Clark Ashton Smith, all of whom would go on to be
popular writers. Under its second editor, Farnsworth Wright, its fiction
included Lovecraft's Cthulhu mythos stories, some of Robert E. Howard's
Conan the Barbarian stories, and Seabury Quinn's series about Jules de
Grandin, a detective who specialized in the supernatural. When the
magazine was launched there were none specializing in science fiction,
and Wright included stories in that genre by Edmond Hamilton and others.
After William Delaney took over as publisher, replacing Wright with
Dorothy McIlwraith as editor in 1940, some successful new authors and
artists, such as Ray Bradbury and Hannes Bok, continued to appear, but
the magazine ceased publication in 1954. It was relaunched many times,
including for one run of over 20 years that started in 1988. The
magazine is regarded by historians of fantasy as one of the most
influential in the genre.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weird_Tales>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1745:

War of the Austrian Succession: The French victory in the
Battle of Melle enabled their subsequent capture of Ghent.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Melle>

1877:

The inaugural Wimbledon Championship, the world's oldest tennis
tournament, began.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1877_Wimbledon_Championship>

1900:

Queen Victoria gave her royal assent to an Act of the
Parliament of the United Kingdom, ratifying the Constitution of
Australia (pictured).
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Australia>

1937:

Nitrate film being stored in a 20th Century Fox facility
spontaneously combusted, destroying more than 40,000 reels of negatives
and film prints.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1937_Fox_vault_fire>

1995:

Sri Lankan Civil War: After having advised civilians to take
shelter in places of worship, the Sri Lanka Air Force bombed a church in
Navaly, killing at least 125 people.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navaly_church_bombing>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

on like Donkey Kong:
(chiefly US) An intensifier used in the same contexts as it's on, go
on, and other expressions using the word on, but to express greater
emphasis.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/on_like_Donkey_Kong>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  In the time of the First Manifestation the Primal Will appeared in
Adam; in the day of Noah It became known in Noah; in the day of Abraham
in Him; and so in the day of Moses; the day of Jesus; the day of
Muḥammad, the Apostle of God; the day of the 'Point of the
Bayán'; the day of Him Whom God shall make manifest; and the day of
the One Who will appear after Him Whom God shall make manifest. Hence
the inner meaning of the words uttered by the Apostle of God, "I am all
the Prophets", inasmuch as what shineth resplendent in each one of Them
hath been and will ever remain the one and the same sun.  
--The Báb
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/B%C3%A1b>

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Friday, July 7, 2017

[Daily article] July 8: Oregon Caves National Monument and Preserve

Oregon Caves National Monument and Preserve is a protected area in the
northern Siskiyou Mountains of southwestern Oregon near the California
border, managed since 1933 by the US National Park Service. The
4,554-acre (1,843 ha) park features a marble cave that was discovered
in 1874. Three years after President Theodore Roosevelt signed the
Antiquities Act of 1906, President William Howard Taft used it to
establish Oregon Caves. In 2014 the protected area was expanded by about
4,000 acres (1,600 ha) and designated a National Monument and Preserve.
Oregon Caves is a solutional cave, with passages totaling about 15,000
feet (4,600 m), formed in marble. The parent rock was originally
limestone that metamorphosed to marble during the geologic processes
that created the Klamath Mountains, including the Siskiyous. Although
the limestone formed about 190 million years ago, the cave itself is no
older than a few million years. Another attraction at the park is the
Oregon Caves Chateau, a six-story hotel built in a rustic style in 1934;
it is a National Historic Landmark and is part of the Oregon Caves
Historic District within the monument.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon_Caves_National_Monument_and_Preserve>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1709:

Great Northern War: Peter I of Russia defeated Charles XII of
Sweden in Poltava, effectively ending Sweden's role as a major power in
Europe.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Poltava>

1808:

Joseph Bonaparte approved the Bayonne Statute, a royal charter
intended as the basis for his rule as King of Spain during the
Peninsular War.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayonne_Statute>

1879:

Led by George W. De Long, the ill-fated Jeannette Expedition
departed San Francisco to reach the North Pole by pioneering a route
through the Bering Strait.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeannette_Expedition>

1947:

After various news agencies reported the capture of a "flying
disc" by U.S. Army Air Force personnel in Roswell, New Mexico, the
military stated that what was actually recovered was debris from an
experimental high-altitude surveillance weather balloon.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roswell_UFO_incident>

1972:

Palestinian author Ghassan Kanafani was assassinated by Mossad
agents in response to the Lod Airport massacre.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghassan_Kanafani>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

demiurge:
1. (Platonic philosophy) The (usually benevolent) being that created the
universe out of primal matter.
2. (Gnosticism) A (usually jealous or outright malevolent) being who is
inferior to the supreme being, and sometimes seen as the creator of
evil.
3. (figuratively) Something (such as an idea, individual or institution)
conceived as an autonomous creative force or decisive power.
4. (historical, Ancient Greece) The title of a magistrate in a number of
states of Ancient Greece, and in the city states (poleis) of the Achaean
League.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/demiurge>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  Our deepest fear is not that we are inadequate. Our deepest fear
is that we are powerful beyond measure. It is our light, not our
darkness that most frightens us. We ask ourselves, Who am I to be
brilliant, gorgeous, talented, and fabulous? Actually, who are you not
to be? You are a child of God. Your playing small does not serve the
world. There is nothing enlightened about shrinking so that other people
will not feel insecure around you. We are all meant to shine, as
children do. We were born to make manifest the glory of God that is
within us. It is not just in some of us; it is in everyone and as we let
our own light shine, we unconsciously give others permission to do the
same. As we are liberated from our own fear, our presence automatically
liberates others.  
--Marianne Williamson
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Marianne_Williamson>

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